02/10/2025

A Complete Guide to HVAC Refrigerant Types: Choosing the Best for Your System

When it comes to heating and cooling systems, refrigerants play a crucial role in ensuring efficiency and performance. Whether you’re a homeowner or a business owner, understanding different HVAC refrigerant types can help you make informed decisions about your system’s maintenance, efficiency, and environmental impact.

With changing regulations and advancements in refrigerant technology, it’s essential to know which type is best suited for your HVAC system. In this guide, we’ll break down the most common HVAC refrigerant types, their uses, and what you should consider when choosing the right one for your home or commercial space.

What Are HVAC Refrigerants?

Refrigerants are chemical compounds used in air conditioning and refrigeration systems to absorb and release heat. They cycle through the system, transforming from a liquid to a gas and back again, which helps regulate indoor temperatures.

The type of refrigerant used in an HVAC system directly impacts energy efficiency, cooling performance, and environmental safety. Over the years, different HVAC refrigerant types have been developed, with older, ozone-depleting options being phased out in favor of more eco-friendly alternatives.

Common HVAC Refrigerant Types and Their Uses

1. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) – R-12 (Banned)

CFCs, such as R-12, were widely used in HVAC systems until they were banned due to their high ozone-depleting potential. While you won’t find R-12 in modern systems, older units may still contain it, and replacing it with a more environmentally friendly option is necessary.

2. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) – R-22 (Being Phased Out)

R-22, also known as Freon, was the most commonly used refrigerant in residential air conditioners for decades. However, due to its harmful impact on the ozone layer, its production was phased out in 2020. While existing HVAC systems may still operate with R-22, homeowners are encouraged to transition to newer, more sustainable refrigerants.

3. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) – R-410A

R-410A is the leading refrigerant in modern HVAC systems due to its improved energy efficiency and lower environmental impact compared to R-22. Unlike CFCs and HCFCs, HFCs do not contain chlorine, making them safer for the ozone layer.

Most newly manufactured air conditioning units now use R-410A, making it the preferred option for residential and commercial cooling systems. However, while it is less harmful to the environment than older refrigerants, it still has a significant global warming potential (GWP).

4. Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) – R-32 and R-1234yf

HFOs are the newest category of refrigerants designed to have a lower environmental impact. R-32 is becoming increasingly popular in residential air conditioners because of its higher efficiency and reduced GWP compared to R-410A.

Meanwhile, R-1234yf is commonly used in automotive air conditioning systems and is praised for its eco-friendly properties. As the HVAC industry moves toward sustainability, HFOs are expected to become the dominant choice for refrigerants in new systems.

5. Natural Refrigerants – R-290 (Propane) and R-744 (CO2)

Natural refrigerants such as propane (R-290) and carbon dioxide (R-744) are gaining traction due to their low environmental impact and high energy efficiency.

R-290 (Propane): Used in some commercial refrigeration units, propane is highly efficient but requires careful handling due to its flammability.
R-744 (CO2): Known for its extremely low GWP, CO2 is used in commercial and industrial refrigeration, heat pumps, and even some air conditioning systems.

While these options are not yet widespread in residential HVAC systems, they are becoming more viable alternatives as the industry shifts toward sustainability.

Factors to Consider When Choosing an HVAC Refrigerant

Compatibility with Your System: Not all refrigerants are compatible with all HVAC units. Before switching refrigerants, check your system specifications or consult a professional.
Environmental Impact: Opt for refrigerants with low GWP and zero ozone depletion potential to minimize your carbon footprint.
Energy Efficiency: Certain refrigerants perform better than others, impacting your energy bills and overall system efficiency.
Regulatory Compliance: Ensure your chosen refrigerant complies with current and future regulations to avoid costly upgrades down the line.
Cost and Availability: Some refrigerants, especially those being phased out, are becoming more expensive and harder to find. Choose a refrigerant that is cost-effective and readily available.

Why the Right Refrigerant Matters for Your HVAC System

Selecting the correct refrigerant not only affects system performance but also influences long-term costs, energy efficiency, and environmental responsibility. Older HVAC units relying on outdated refrigerants may experience decreased efficiency, higher operating costs, and difficulties finding replacement refrigerants.

For those considering a system upgrade or refrigerant replacement, it’s best to work with HVAC professionals like Mannix Heating & Cooling to ensure compliance with regulations and optimal system performance.

The Future of HVAC Refrigerants

As the HVAC industry evolves, manufacturers are developing new refrigerants with lower environmental impact and higher energy efficiency. Some emerging trends include:

Greater use of HFOs like R-32 and R-1234yf to replace HFCs.
Expansion of natural refrigerants like CO2 and propane for commercial applications.
Continued phase-out of high-GWP refrigerants to meet environmental standards and regulations.

With ongoing research and innovation, the future of HVAC refrigerant types will likely prioritize sustainability while maintaining the cooling performance that homes and businesses need.

Need Help Choosing the Right Refrigerant? Contact Mannix Heating & Cooling!

If you’re unsure which refrigerant is best for your HVAC system or need to upgrade your air conditioning unit, Mannix Heating & Cooling is here to help! Our experienced technicians can guide you through refrigerant selection, system maintenance, and energy-efficient upgrades.

Call us today to schedule a consultation!

Customer Reviews

Shondra J ones

They were lifesavers!!! My furnace went out and after three days of dealing with the home warranty company and the unscrupulous vendor they sent to my home, I called Mannix. The service technician was friendly, efficient but most of all honest. He found the problem after twenty minutes, saving me thousands in unnecessary replacement costs. It is refreshing to know that honest people still exist.

Lynne Wilson

I contacted Mannix from a referral of a friend who has benefitted from the excellent service this company provides. I found out a couple I know in Vienna had their heat pump stop working a few months ago and needed to be replaced. I called up the Mannix office later in the day on Monday 11/30/20 and provided information needed. I had a proposal in my email the next morning 12-01-20. This will enable me to discuss with my friends how they wish to proceed with fair financing options available too. This is EXCELLENT customer service and I would like Mr. Mannix to know that Sarah is an amazing professional face for his company. I plan to become a customer of theirs by signing up for the annual maintenance plan which is very reasonable priced. Sincerely, Lynne Wilson

Philip Slingerland

Been a happy Mannix customer for a few years now, but recently had them replace our aging HVAC system. The whole process was very painless, from Eric helping us decide which system was right for our home, to the efficient and professional installation by Billy and Matt. I am very pleased with the new system and very impressed with the level of service, communication, and detailed information I received from everyone involved. Highly recommend!

K.E.

Before dealing with Mannix I used two very well-known and “reputable” HVAC companies who did nothing but rip us off over the years. I was frustrated and found Mannix Heating & Cooling about 10 years ago. They installed a new HVAC system in my old home, and installed a water heater and various other items in my new home. They also have been doing yearly maintenance for years. Their employees are the most honest, reliable, and knowledgeable individuals in this industry. We recently had an issue with our HVAC system and they came out within a few hours on an emergency call. The technician was prompt, kind, professional, and very fair. He figured out what was wrong with our system quickly and remedied it immediately. Do not hesitate to call them if you need anything–you won’t regret it!

Wendy Collins

Mannix has always been professional from service calls to repairs and replacements. The technicians are always polite and knowledgeable. They consistently exceed our expectations.

Gary Hendricks

Mannix proved very responsive in fixing my A/C system. The tech, Erick, was very professional by taking the time showing and explaining to me the system problem prior to taking action replacing the coil. Ashleigh, customer service, was excellent in addressing and following through on concerns in order to achieve total customer satisfaction.

M. Reyzer

My 24-year-old heat pump finally decided to stop working. I sent a request for a replacement estimate late one night through the Mannix website and received a phone call early the very next morning to set up an appointment. Eric Holzworth stopped by my house the next day to go over my options. He was wonderful and so easy to work with and answered every question I had. He definitely listened to me and my concerns did not push me into purchasing a high-end system which I didn’t need. The technicians arrived at 8am and were finished with the entire installation by 1pm. They were very courteous and left my house in pristine condition. I HIGHLY recommend Mannix! They always returned my calls and emails right away, and Eric made sure I received all of my equipment on time–even with Carrier factory delays/limited supplies due to COVID. So glad I chose Mannix. I love my brand new Carrier system and my cold house during these hot and humid days.

M.B.

We were in desperate need of a fix on our AC system during the July heatwave. The issue arose on a Saturday. Mannix came to the rescue in short order, fixed it, and at a reasonable price.

Silvio G was the technician, and he was GREAT.

We would definitely use Mannix again!

Patricia Ryan

I have been using Mannix for years. They have replaced my HVAC system and I have them do maintenance twice a year. The past couple of visits have been done by Ramiro. He is professional, polite, knowledgeable, and very helpful in assisting me with tips on the best ways to operate my system. Today, he installed a water safety device and taught me exactly how it works and how to reset it. I’m so impressed with him! I will continue with Mannix for years to come as I find them to be very reputable and reliable. Thank you!

Rachel Craft

I’ve been using Mannix for years and have never been disappointed. They’ve replaced my HVAC, hot water heater and installed a humidifier on my furnace. Whenever I need them, they can get me on the schedule in a timely manner. All the personnel are great and I trust Jerry and his team with their recommendations and the work they do. Would highly recommend.